________ WHY NOT ________
Romans Chapter 8 Commentary
Rick Moffett
Note - As a reminder, the chapter breaks in the Bible were inserted by man, not God. Often they serve to do more harm than good. Paul’s opening remarks in this chapter draw his conclusions to the truths he has previously stated in the last three chapters. So, don’t let the chapter break here cause you to think Paul is beginning a new line of thinking.
In chapter five, Paul tells us that death came into the world as a result of sin. In chapter six we are told that we have been set free from the power of sin that dwells in our physical body. And in chapter seven, we discover that we have died to the Law. Nonetheless, we see Paul struggling with sin in chapter seven as he tries to keep the Law. And when he realizes he can’t keep the Law, Paul cries out in anguish to be set free from his battle and its consequences.
Folks, all who attempt to live by law will experience the same struggle as Paul. Attempting to live by law (either the Mosaic Law or any self-imposed law), is called “legalism” and that always leads to death. Much of the church today is bound up in legalism! The truths in the book of Romans can set you free, if you know what they are and then believe them!
V1 Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
Summary – The conclusion to the truths contained in Romans chapters 5-7 is that there is no longer any judgment nor punishment for sin for those who are “in Christ” (in union with Christ).
Comments – The word “no” is the first word that appears in a literal translation of this verse. The position of a word in a sentence is a way a writer would place the utmost emphasis on his point. Here, Paul is saying there is absolutely, positively, without a doubt, NO CONDEMNATION for those who have been united with Christ! If you get nothing else out of the study of Romans, get that!
Paul told us back in chapter five (Rom. 5:16, 18), that condemnation arose from one transgression (Adam’s sin in the garden).
Do you ever feel condemned? If truth be told, we all do at times. If you feel condemned, stop, and remind yourself that God’s word clearly states that we are no longer condemned. Therefore, if you are feeling condemned, you are believing a lie and that cannot be coming from God. Likely you are trusting in yourself and your performance rather than in Christ alone!
Remember that the father of all lies (Satan) works through the power of indwelling sin to put lying thoughts into our minds. Our feelings are a result of our thoughts. Align your thinking with the truth (you are not condemned, but are justified, forgiven, holy and righteous) and your feelings of condemnation will disappear and you will experience freedom in Christ! Amen.
Note – Some English translations of the Bible, such as the KJV, attach the phrase, “who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit”, onto the end of this verse. However, this phrase is not in the best Greek manuscripts. This phrase greatly distorts the meaning of this verse. It considers our behavior as the means to become free from condemnation, rather than our union with Christ Jesus alone.
V2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death.
Summary – The power of the Holy Spirit gives us life in Christ Jesus and sets us free from the power of sin, which always produces death.
Comments – Here we see two different laws working in opposition within the person who is united with Christ. Note that “the law” here is not referring to the Mosaic Law or any other set of rules or regulations. “the law” in this verse refers to an internal force or power that can influence man’s thinking and ultimately his behavior. The two internal forces mentioned in this verse are always at work and always operate in a consistent manner, i.e., they always produce the same outcome. This is an unalterable truth.
Good examples of such a law include the law of gravity and the law of aerodynamics. These two powers or forces are always in operation and always function in a consistent manner, yielding the same outcome. See notes on Rom. 7:21-22.
While the law of aerodynamics overcomes the law of gravity (evidenced by a flying bird or an airplane), the law of gravity is not suspended. This is analogous to the law of the Holy Spirit and the law of the power of sin that indwells all mankind. Be warned that even though we have died to the power of indwelling sin, it still has power over us if we allow it. It is only when we walk by the power of the Holy Spirit that we can overcome the power of sin.
As mentioned above, the outcome for those who function according to these two laws is always the same. Walk by the Holy Spirit and experience life. Walk under the influence of the power of sin and experience death. Paul discusses this further as he progresses through this eighth chapter.
V3 For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh , God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,
Note – “as an offering” does not occur in the original Greek text.
Summary – Here Paul explains his statement in the previous verse. It was not the Law that set us free from sin, for it had no power to do so because all efforts to keep it are always done according to one’s flesh (self-effort), which is inherently weak. But God sent his own Son, Jesus, a man like all other humans, but without the power of sin dwelling in his body. And Jesus, judged and sentenced sin, thus removing its authority and power over those who are united with Christ.
Comments – What is it that the Law could not do? It could not set anyone free from the power of sin and death. It could not give anyone life. It could not make anyone righteous. It could not even give anyone the ability to obey its demands! In fact, it did just the opposite; it aroused the power of sin that dwells in all men, and that always leads to death. (Rom. 7:5)
Man, with only a set of rules to obey, is no match for the power of sin.
V4 so that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh But according to the Spirit.
Note - There are several words in this verse in the NASB translation that don’t appear in the original Greek text (“so” and “requirement”). Young’s Literal Translation offers a more accurate translation –
“that the righteousness of the law may be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.” (YLT)
Also, keep in mind that this verse is the continuation of a sentence that started in v3.
Summary – The righteous expression of the Law is accomplished in those who walk according to the Spirit (Holy Spirit) and not according to the flesh. See Understanding the Flesh on this website.
Comments – As we have already seen in the book of Romans, righteousness comes by faith and not by works or keeping the Law. (Rom. 3:22, 28; Rom. 4:5,9,11). The Mosaic Law gave very specific orders for how the Israelites should conduct their lives. Their seemingly peculiar behavior was one way in which God set them apart from all other people groups. But these rules for living could not be consistently obeyed because of the power of indwelling sin working through their flesh.
Later in the book of Romans, Paul tells us that the Law is summed up in this saying – “You shall love your neighbor as yourself”; and that the ultimate fulfillment of the Law is love. (Rom. 13:9-10) When we walk by the Holy Spirit, we will be expressing the love of God, thus expressing the righteousness of the Law. Let me give an example. When I walk under the direction of the Holy Spirit, I will not steal, I will not murder, I will not lie. You will recognize these three prohibitions as part of the Ten Commandments. Thus, I am obeying these “commandments”, not because I am obligated to some code of behavior, but because when I am acting in love, I would never steal, murder, or lie.
But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the Law. Gal. 5:18
V5 For those who are according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh , but those who are according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.
Summary – Paul explains that the choice to walk according to the flesh or according to the Spirit is determined by how we “set our minds”.
Comments – What does it mean to “set your mind”? In this verse, it means a moment-by-moment choice on what we focus our thinking and affections. It is in our mind (our thinking) that the battle begins concerning our behavior. (Rom. 7:23)
V6 For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace,
Summary – Here Paul explains the result of our mindset. The mind that is set on the flesh results in death. The mind that is set on the Spirit results in life and peace.
Comments – Don’t think of physical or spiritual death here. Death here refers to soulical death. It is in our soul where we experience either life or death at any given moment. Life in this context would refer to peace, joy, love, security, fullness, etc. Death would refer to a lack of these things, as well as conflict, fear, condemnation, emptiness, etc. For a better understanding of our soul, read God’s Design for Man on this website.
V7 because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; For it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so,
Summary – The flesh is opposed to the things of God. A person living according to the flesh is living independent of God and therefore, can never be submitted to the things of God.
Comments – A Christian either walks by the Holy Spirit or by his own selfish flesh. These two are directly opposed to each other.
For the flesh sets its desire against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; for these are in opposition to one another, so that you may not do the things that you please. Gal. 5:17
V8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God
Summary – Those who have not been spiritually reborn are still living independently of God (in the flesh) and can never be pleasing to God.
Comments – It is important to note that the phrase “in the flesh” refers to one’s spiritual identity; while the phrase “according to (or after) the flesh” refers to one’s behavior. The same thing can be said about the “Spirit” (in the Spirit; according to the Spirit). Hence, “in the flesh” refers to a person who has not been spiritually reborn. See Understanding the Flesh on this website.
V9 However, you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him.
Summary – Paul tells his readers they are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit since they are indwelt by the Spirit (Holy Spirit). And, if a person is not indwelt by the Holy Spirit, then they do not belong to God.
Comments – All those who receive Christ by faith receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. They are said to be “in the Spirit”. “In the Spirit” and “in the flesh” refers to one’s spiritual identity. “In the Spirit” refers to those who have been born again and means the same as being “in Christ”. Conversely, “in the flesh” refers to those who have not been born again and means the same as being “in Adam”. For more on this read Understanding the Flesh on this website.
The indwelling Holy Spirit, among many other things, serves as a mark of ownership to all God’s children.
13 In Him, you also, after listening to the message of truth, the gospel of your salvation—having also believed, you were sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise, 14 who is given as a pledge of our inheritance, with a view to the redemption of God's own possession, to the praise of His glory. Eph. 1:13-14. See also 2 Cor. 1:21-22; 5:5.
V10 If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin , yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness.
Summary – Since Christ, in the person of the Holy Spirit, dwells in the spirit of all Christians, our spirit is alive and thus, we are declared righteous, even though our bodies, which are indwelt by sin, are dying. (1 Cor. 6:17; 2 Cor. 5:21)
Comments –Because of Christ’s death on the cross, we are justified (declared innocent of our sin debt) and declared righteous in Christ; furthermore, we are united with Christ, who is now our life. (Col. 3:4)
V11 But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you.
Summary – Since the Spirit (Holy Spirit) that resurrected Jesus from the dead has taken residence in you, He (Holy Spirit) will also give life to your “dying” body.
Comments – This life that the Holy Spirit gives to our “mortal bodies” is most likely referring to our resurrected body, which then becomes immortal. (1 Cor. 15:53) See also 1 Cor. 15 to learn about our resurrected body.
V12 So then, brethren, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh—
Summary – Paul is giving a logical conclusion to his previous statements in v10-11. Because we have been given spiritual life and will someday be given a new immortal spiritual body, we need not live our life according to the flesh.
Comments – Paul gives the reasons why we no longer have to live according to the flesh in the next three verses. Read them in this context to better understand what Paul is trying to communicate.
V13 For if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
Summary – Paul begins his explanation for his statement in v12 by presenting two contrasting conditional statements – live according to the flesh and experience death, or live according to the Holy Spirit and you will not carry out the works of the flesh; and more, you will experience life. See comments on v6.
Comments – Here we are presented with our only two choices for how we live our life on earth and the consequences of each choice.
Let me emphasize this point – these consequences are set in stone! Each moment of each day you get to choose to experience life or death! Why not choose life?
And remember what Paul said in v6 – it is where you set your mind that ultimately determines your behavior. Also know, attempting to stop living according to the flesh is NOT the way to achieve victory. Choosing to walk by the Spirit is the only way to stop living according to the flesh.
But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh. Gal. 5:16
V14 For all who are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.
Summary – Paul has just told us that if we are being led by the Holy Spirit, we cease to do the works of the flesh and thus, experience life. Now he tells us that if we are led by (walking by the direction and power of) the Holy Spirit, we are “sons of God”, i.e., it demonstrates or proves that we are sons of God.
Comments – v14 gives another reason why we are not under obligation to live according to the flesh (v12).
Seven times in v14–23 Paul mentions that as Christians, we are “sons” or “children” of God. Paul is emphasizing our relationship with our Heavenly Father. For more on this, see Additional Notes.
V15 For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, But you have received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, "Abba! Father!"
Review – Paul has just told his readers that they are no longer in the flesh, but are now in the Spirit (v9); and that the Holy Spirit lives in them (v10-11). Thus, they are not obligated to live according to the flesh (v12). In v13-15, he explains why –
v13 - Because, if they do, they will experience death; but if they live under the control and power of the Holy Spirit, they will experience life.
v14 - Because living according to the Holy Spirit is evidence that they are sons of God. In other words, live like who you are!
He concludes his explanation as to why they no longer need to live according to the flesh here in v15.
Summary – We are not obligated to live according to the flesh (v12) because we did not receive a spirit of bondage (to sin) which causes a person to live in fear (of death, as we did prior to receiving Christ); but we received the spirit of sonship (with all its rights and privileges) by which we now have an intimate and trusting relationship with our Heavenly Father.
Comments – For a better understanding of what Paul is saying here, let me encourage you to read through the extensive Additional Notes on this verse.
V16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God,
Summary – The Holy Spirit continually bears witness with our human spirit that we are children in the family of God.
Comments – All who have received Christ by faith have received the gift of the Holy Spirit. (Rom. 8:9; Eph. 1:13-14) It is the witness of the Holy Spirit within our human spirits that lets us know we are God’s children, thus, assuring us of our salvation. This is something that we cannot prove to another person, but we know that we know it! Those who have not been spiritually reborn can not understand this truth.
V17 and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him So that we may also be glorified with Him.
Summary – And since we are children of God, we are also heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ; and since we suffer with Christ, we will also be glorified with Christ.
Comments – Because we are united with Christ, we are partakers of an inheritance from God with Christ and we will suffer with Christ and thus, we will also be glorified with Christ.
But why would God allow his beloved children to suffer?
God’s plan is often bigger than our immediate comfort and convenience. See Additional Notes for more on this subject.
V18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.
Summary – Paul puts our suffering in the proper perspective. He encourages us that the suffering we will endure is but for a season and doesn’t deserve to be compared to the glory that will be revealed to us and in us (the sons/children of God, i.e., those who have received Christ Jesus by faith).
Comments – God uses (not causes) all things for his purpose, even sin. (v28) And, ultimately it is sin that causes our suffering, not God. Not necessarily personal acts of sin that we commit, but the curse of sin that affects all of creation. While Christians are set free from the power and penalty of sin, we still live in the presence of sin.
For it was fitting for Him, for whom are all things, and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to perfect the author of their salvation through sufferings. Hebrews 2:10
19 Therefore, those also who suffer according to the will of God shall entrust their souls to a faithful Creator in doing what is right. 1 Therefore, I exhort the elders among you, as your fellow elder and witness of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker also of the glory that is to be revealed, 1 Peter 4:19 – 5:1
V19 For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God.
Note – When Paul speaks of “the creation” in v19-22, he is referring to both the animate and inanimate subjects of the first five days of God’s creative work as described in Gen. 1:1-25. See Additional Notes for more on this.
Summary – All of God’s creation, both animate and inanimate, intently wait with full expectation for the unveiling of the sons of God (this would not include those who have never received Christ by faith).
Note - The Greek verb apekdechomai, which is translated "waits eagerly", is used seven times in the New Testament, each time to refer to Christ's return (Rom. 8:19, 23, 25; 1 Cor. 1:7; Gal. 5:5; Phil. 3:20; Heb. 9:28).
Comments – No doubt this unveiling will occur at the return of Christ when we (Christians) will be seen by all creation with him in all his glory. Let these words be an encouragement to you whenever you are going through times of suffering.
so that He may establish your hearts without blame in holiness before our God and Father at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all His saints. 1 Thes. 3:13
V20-21 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, But because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God.
Summary – Here Paul explains why all creation is waiting so intently (v19). In addition to the sons of God suffering (v17-18), the whole creation unwillingly has been made by God to submit to emptiness, frustration, and hopelessness. But this was done with a confident expectation that the creation would also be set free from degradation and decay, and partake of the same glorious freedom as that of the children of God.
Comments – Because of man’s sin in the garden, all of creation suffered the consequences. Man was separated from the life of God and began to die. (Genesis 3; Rom. 5:12) The earth and all that was on it began to degrade because of the curse God put on the ground. (Gen. 3:17-19) See also Isa. 24:5-6.
After Adam sinned in the garden, God announced his plan to redeem mankind through Christ. (Gen. 3:15) And eventually, all of creation will be restored as God originally intended and thus, be free from bondage to corruption (this would not include those who have never received Christ by faith).
V22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now.
Reminder– When Paul speaks of “the creation” in v19-22, he is referring to both the animate and inanimate subjects of the first five days of God’s creative work as described in Gen. 1:1-25. See Additional Notes on v19 for more on this.
Summary – The whole creation together groans and suffers under the pains of childbirth and will continue until a time predetermined by God.
Comments – Paul says “We know” these things? Yes, it is obvious that things are just not right in the world. Tornadoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, pollution in the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the ground where our food grows make life on Earth very difficult. Sometimes things just seem to be spiraling completely out of control. And sin appears to be more rampant than ever. Maybe it’s no worse now than it was in Paul’s day, but it sure does seem like it’s more blatant now than 69 years ago when I appeared on planet Earth!
Paul uses the metaphor of childbirth to describe these pains. I have heard from many mothers that say giving birth to a child is the most painful experience they can imagine. However, many say that it was the thought of meeting their child that kept them going through this agonizing process. And then they add that the moment they saw and held their newborn baby, the pain could not be compared with the joy of meeting their baby for the first time.
And just as the pains of childbirth let us know that the child is soon and sure to come, we also know that our present suffering lets us know that Jesus is also soon and sure to come. So, let us be sustained through our suffering by the anticipation of our future meeting (in person) with the Son of God, our Savior, and our friend!
"For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; And the former things will not be remembered or come to mind. Isa. 65:17
V23 And not only this, But also we ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.
Note - our – our is not in the original Greek text.
Summary – Not only does the whole creation groan but we who are the sons of God, who have been given the Holy Spirit as the first part of God’s work of salvation and as a guarantee of our inheritance, also groan within ourselves as we wait in full expectation for the redemption of our physical bodies.
Comments – Creation (all of nature) is eagerly awaiting the revelation of the sons of God (v19), and the sons of God are eagerly awaiting the redemption of their new body (v23). Both of these events are connected with the second coming of Christ.
It has been said by many and I agree, that scripture is the best commentary on scripture. Hence -
21 Now He who establishes us with you in Christ and anointed us is God, 22 who also sealed us and gave us the Spirit in our hearts as a pledge. 2 Corinthians 1:21-22
4 For indeed while we are in this tent, we groan, being burdened, because we do not want to be unclothed but to be clothed, so that what is mortal will be swallowed up by life. 5 Now He who prepared us for this very purpose is God, who gave to us the Spirit as a pledge. 2 Corinthians 5:4-5
13 In Him, you also, after listening to the message of truth, the gospel of your salvation—having also believed, you were sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise, 14 who is given as a pledge of our inheritance, with a view to the redemption of God's own possession, to the praise of His glory. Ephesians 1:13-14
V24 For in hope we have been saved, But hope that is seen is not hope; for who hopes for what he already sees?
Summary – When we receive Christ by faith (saved), we are given a confident expectation for things yet to come. Among these is the promise of a new body (described as a spiritual body, an imperishable body, and an immortal body – 1 Cor. 15). We hope and wait eagerly for the fulfillment of this promise because we have yet to receive it.
Comments – Hope is not what saves us, but when we are saved, we immediately have hope in the many promises given by the scriptures. Those who have never received Christ, have no hope for anything better than a grim existence on this sin-filled planet Earth.
According to the CDC, 47,000 Americans took their own life in 2017. The national suicide rate increased by 33% between 1999 and 2017 and is now at its highest level in 50 years. In addition, alcohol, and drug-related deaths have risen to their highest level during that same period. And while these causes of death are on the increase, life expectancy has dropped every year since 2016.
Feelings of hopelessness and despair are often the underlying conditions that lead to suicide. We all need hope, even if the hope is small; because living on planet Earth can be overwhelming sometimes.
Paul, speaking to the Gentiles, said this –
12 remember that you were at that time separate from Christ, excluded from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. Ephesians 2:12-13
Paul’s statement here would also apply to anyone who has not received Christ by faith, regardless of their nationality.
As Christians, we have a hope that is based on the promises of our Heavenly Father. Furthermore, he has given us his Holy Spirit to sustain us through our times of suffering (mentioned in v17-18). The Holy Spirit was also given to seal us forever and to remind us that someday we will be free from the presence of sin that resides in these earthly bodies.
Paul reminds us again toward the end of this letter –
For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through perseverance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope. Rom. 15.4
Consider also - Rom. 12:12, 15:12, 13; 1 Cor. 13:13; Eph. 1:18, 2:12; 1 Thes. 5:8; 1 Tim. 1:1; Tit. 1:2, 2:13, 3:7.
V25 But if we hope for what we do not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it.
Summary – Paul essentially repeats what he just said in the previous verse.
We look forward with confidence and patience as we fully expect the redemption of our physical bodies. (v23)
Comments – Paul uses the phrase “wait (waits, waiting) eagerly” for the third time in the last eight verses (v18, v23). See Additional Notes for more on this.
V26 In the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; For we do not know how to pray as we should, But the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words;
Summary – In the same way as hope, the Holy Spirit also helps us in our weakness, because we don’t know what to pray as we should; but the Holy Spirit petitions God on our behalf, not with words but with groanings that cannot be spoken.
Comments – The Holy Spirit is our helper in times of need. The Holy Spirit is always in communion with God the Father. He knows what we need, even when we do not. He does not need words to commune with God. As a matter of fact, neither do we. God knows our needs before we ask. (Mat. 6:8)
Reasons we don’t know what to pray (not an exhaustive list) –
We have a limited view of the big picture.
God knows the end from the beginning, we don’t. (Isa. 46:10)
We don’t know what, when, or how God’s plan will unfold. (Pro. 16:9; 19:21)
We are selfish. We don’t always pray, “If it be your will”; we sometimes pray according to our own will. (Jam. 4:3; 1 John 5:14-15)
Illustration from Church History –
“Saint Augustine had been a very wicked man in his youth but later was converted. His godly mother, Monica, had a heavy burden for her son. She learned that he was leaving home and going to Italy, so she prayed that God would not let him go there because she feared he would only get into worse and deeper sin. She did not know how to pray as she ought. God did not answer her prayer as she wanted. God allowed Augustine to go to Italy and it was there that he was gloriously converted. God did not answer her special request in order that He might answer her true heart request, the salvation of her son.” From middletownbiblechurch.org
Note - This phrase is not referring to speaking in tongues. Speaking in tongues is a spiritual gift and it is NOT GIVEN TO ALL CHRISTIANS. The ministry of the Holy Spirit in this verse is for ALL CHRISTIANS in our time of weakness.
With all prayer and petition pray at all times in the Spirit, and with this in view, be on the alert with all perseverance and petition for all the saints, Ephesians 6:18
V27 and He who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because He intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.
Note – Paul continues the sentence he started in the previous verse.
Summary – God the Father searches and knows the hearts of man. He also knows the mind of the Holy Spirit who prays for the saints according to God’s will.
Comments – God the Father and the Holy Spirit are one. They know each other intimately. (1 Cor. 2:10-13) Prayers that our Heavenly Father answers are only those that are according to His will. If you love your children, would you give them something that you knew would be harmful to them just because they asked for it?
V28 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose.
Reminder – To remind you of the context of this verse, recall - Paul has told the church in Rome that they would have tribulations (Rom. 5:3). Here in chapter 8, he tells them that the whole creation groans (v22), that they groan (v23), and that the Holy Spirit groans (v26); furthermore, that they will endure suffering (v18) and weakness (v26) to the point where they don’t even know how to pray (v26). But in the midst of these things, he has given them hope (v24-25) and he has given them his Holy Spirit (v26). And here in v28-39, he continues to encourage them.
Summary – God is orchestrating (not causing) all of the events that are affecting His church, i.e., those who love Him and have been called to fulfill His ultimate plan.
Comments – This often-quoted verse is perhaps one of the most encouraging truths we can know. Even if evil seems to be triumphant, our God, the creator of all things, has a good plan for His children, the church, and He is able to bring it to pass!
V29 For those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son, So that He would be the firstborn among many brethren;
Summary – God foreknows everything. He predestined his church (the body of Christ collectively) to be conformed to the image of Christ so that he would have preeminence among many brothers, i.e., those (both male and female) that by faith, become children of God.
Comments – Paul uses the word predestined here and again in the next verse (also in Eph. 1:5,11). The doctrine of predestination is a source of much debate and I might add, confusion, in the church.
Predestination is not God arbitrarily pre-selecting who will be saved and who will not. The word of God is clear, salvation is available to all! (Joel 2:32; John 3:15-16; John 12:32; Acts 2:21; Rom. 10:13;1 Tim. 2:4) Obviously, God knows who will receive Christ (be saved) and who will not, but knowing and predetermining are not the same.
V30 and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified ; and these whom He justified, He also glorified.
Summary – The church collectively was predestined to be called (to fulfill God’s purpose), justified (declared innocent of sin and thus, righteous), and glorified (v17-18). When we are conformed to Christ’s image, we will be glorified. (Rom. 5:2; 1 Pet. 5:1)
Comments – Jesus is the image of God the Father (Col. 1:15; 2 Cor. 4:4; Heb. 1:3); and we (the church) are being conformed to the image of Christ. (v29) When we receive Christ by faith, we receive his very life. As we allow Christ to live His life through us, we allow the world to see the image of Christ in our actions! (Gal. 2:20) This was God’s plan from the beginning.
When Christ, who is our life, is revealed, then you also will be revealed with Him in glory. Colossians 3:4
V31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us?
Summary – Based on what he just said (v28-30), Paul asks, “What conclusion shall we draw then?” He answers his question with another question implying that, since God is for us, no enemy will succeed against us (the saints)!
Comments – Paul continues to offer encouragement to the church at Rome (and to us today!), and v31-39 are some of the most encouraging words a person could ever hear. He reminds us that He (God) is for us (the church). Stop and think about this – God is for you! He saved you and predestined you for glory! ((Rom. 5:2;1 Pet. 5:1) And what God started, he will complete.
For I am confident of this very thing, that He who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus. Philippians 1:6
Listen to the words of this song for more encouragement - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZH13wFGffg
V32 He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things?
Summary – Paul gives an example of just how much God is for us. He (God) willingly gave his only Son to pay man’s sin debt; therefore, since he gave the greatest gift possible, will God’s grace not also provide for our every need? see Additional Notes for more on this.
Consider - John 3:16; Rom. 4:25
Comments –Is there any greater demonstration of love a person can show than to give the life of their child? Once we were enemies with God, yet he loved us enough to send Christ, his only begotten Son, to die a painful and humiliating death on a cross to pay our sin debt. (Rom. 5:8-10; Rom. 8:3; 2 Cor. 5:17-19; Col. 1:21-22)
In the Old Testament, we see a beautiful picture of this act of love. Abraham waited for 25 years before he received the son God promised him. But at His command, Abraham offered his beloved son Isaac to God. (Gen. 22). Interestingly, this sacrificial act was referred to as an act of worship (Gen. 22:5) This is the first time we see the word worship used in the Bible.
Note - The moment we receive Christ by faith, we have every spiritual blessing and thus, we have everything we need for life and godliness. (2 Pet. 1:3; Eph. 1:3)
V33 Who will bring a charge against God's elect? God is the one who justified ;
Note - Remember, Paul was a lawyer and once a Pharisee. He frequently lays out legal arguments in his writings as he does here and in v34.
Summary – Paul asks the question, “Who will accuse one of God’s children (elect)?”. There is no basis for any accusation because God has sent his Son to satisfy mankind’s outstanding sin debt; thus, God’s children (the church) have been declared innocent for every sin, past, present, and future!
Comments – Who is it that accuses Christians? It is Satan, also known as the devil. Furthermore, he is a deceiver; thus, his accusations can be very subtle, but yet effective in making us feel condemned if we believe them.
7 And there was war in heaven, Michael and his angels waging war with the dragon. The dragon and his angels waged war, 8 and they were not strong enough, and there was no longer a place found for them in heaven. 9 And the great dragon was thrown down, the serpent of old who is called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. 10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, "Now the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God and the authority of His Christ have come, for the accuser of our brethren has been thrown down, he who accuses them before our God day and night. Revelation 12:7-10
The implied answer is no one can bring a legitimate charge against God’s elect. Why?
Because “God is the one who justifies;” Christ’s shed blood/death on the cross paid mankind’s outstanding sin debt once and for all.
Get This - As a believer, when you feel condemned after you commit a sin, likely, you are still laboring under the Old Covenant Law or some self-imposed law. It is a favorite lie of Satan to keep you on a performance treadmill, i.e., keep you trying to “earn” what you already have (forgiveness, righteousness, unconditional love, acceptance, etc.)! This bondage will prevent you from experiencing the abundant life Christ gave you the moment you received Him by faith. (John 10:10)
V34 who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us.
Summary – Continuing his “courtroom argument”, Paul now asks “Who is the one condemning (God’s children)?” Like the previous verse, he states that the outstanding debt has been satisfied by the death of Jesus (justified); furthermore, Jesus was raised from this death and now sits in honor and authority and power at God’s right hand praying for God’s children.
Comments – “Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.” (v1)
Consider – John 11:25; Rom. 1:4; Rom. 8:26-27; Eph. 1:18-23; Heb. 7:27; 1 Pet 1:3; 1 Pet. 3:18
V35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?
Summary – Paul asks a question here and answers it in v38-39. He proposes several situations that a person might think could come between himself and the love of Jesus. Except for “sword” which refers to execution, the Apostle Paul had experienced all of these things. And as traditionally believed, he was eventually executed.
Comments – I know many Christians who believe they can “lose their salvation”. And in almost every case, their reasoning begins like this, “But what if I ...”. Their reason for believing they can lose their salvation is based on something they do or don’t do! What they don’t understand is that our salvation is based on what Christ has already done! (His death, burial, and resurrection). Amen.
But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Romans 5:8
V36 Just as it is written, "FOR YOUR SAKE WE ARE BEING PUT TO DEATH ALL DAY LONG; WE WERE CONSIDERED AS SHEEP TO BE SLAUGHTERED."
Summary – Paul quotes Psalm 44:22.
Comments –This psalm concerns God’s chosen people, Israel, who experienced God’s favor in providing victory over their enemies; and then later experienced dishonor and shame in defeat. The psalmist insisted that they had been faithful during this time of defeat and thus, could not understand why God’s hand of favor was seemingly removed. But we know that God is faithful and that He ultimately brought Israel into the promised land, which is a picture of living the victorious life in Christ.
And so it is with the church today. We may go through times of “prosperity”, as well as times of suffering. But Paul has just told us that God causes “all things to work together for good...” (v28). And furthermore, nothing or no one can separate us from God’s love. (v35, 39)
<Jesus speaking> "These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world." John 16:33
V37 But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us.
Summary – Paul contrasts the inevitable struggles we will experience (v35) with the continuous overwhelming victory we have in Christ Jesus. (1 Cor. 15:57; 2 Cor. 2:14)
Comments – What does it mean to be an overwhelming conqueror?
Overwhelming means “more than” and conqueror here means “a decisive victory”. Thus, we are continuously experiencing more than a decisive victory.
This verse uses the language of war, and rightfully so, because we are in a war, a spiritual one. It’s hard to keep that in mind because we can’t always see our enemy (Satan), but we can see the after-effects of the destruction he causes. Thankfully, our enemy was defeated by the death and resurrection of Jesus. But Satan can still deceive us if we are not focused on the truth.
Was the man who wrote this verse a conqueror?
Since God inspired him to write it, he surely knew what it meant and certainly experienced it. But a quick glance at Paul’s life would not leave you with the impression he was a conqueror, but just the opposite.
Paul as a conqueror? Consider these things he said about himself in 2 Cor. 11:23-28 -
Imprisoned many times
Beaten more times than he could count
Frequently in danger of death
Five times he received 39 lashes with a whip
Three times beat with a rod
Stoned once
Shipwrecked three times
Endangered by rivers, robbers, his own countrymen, and the Gentiles, in the city and in the wilderness, on the sea, and from false brothers
Sleepless nights
Hunger and thirst
Cold and exposed
And in 2 Cor. 1:8-9 -
Burdened excessively beyond his strength
Feared for his life
When we look at Paul’s life, it hardly seems he was a conqueror. He probably experienced more hardship and suffering than any Christian that has ever lived!
So then, how do we apply the truth of this verse to our own lives today?
It is great that we are more than conquerors, but practically speaking, what does that mean? And before we arrive at a conclusion, let me remind you that God’s written word is not just for us here in America. There are Christians all over the world who live in far less physical comfort than we do here. So, whatever being “more than a conqueror” means, it must equally apply to our brothers and sisters who live in poverty-stricken countries and under oppressive governments that kill Christians.
Being a “conquer” does not necessarily mean your external circumstances will be ideal. It means that in your heart, you know and have faith that no matter what this life brings, you will always have the love of God the Father and his Son, Jesus Christ. It means you will always have the Holy Spirit who is our comforter and who guides us in the way of truth. It means that God is for us and not against us; and that he has a plan for our lives that is so much better than we can ever imagine, and nothing or no one can change that plan! Paul knew and experienced these things which is why he could write about them.
Victorious over what? Sin and death. (v2) We can have peace and joy (fruit of the Spirit) in the midst of tribulations, hardships, and suffering. And as Paul said in v18, the sufferings we endure here on earth “are not worthy to be compared with the glory to be revealed in us”.
V38-39 For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Note - Paul now gives his lengthy answer to the question he asked in v35.
Summary – Paul has concluded and is certain that nothing in God’s creation can separate us (the church) from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus.
Comments – Again Paul gives a list as he did in v35 of things someone might conclude could cause them to be separated from God’s love. See Additional Notes for more detail.
Additional Notes by Verse
V1 Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
If you are reading Rom. 8:1 in the KJV (translated from the Greek Textus Receptus) you will note the added phrase "who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit."
The Nestle-Aland and Westcott and Hort Greek texts do not consider this phrase as legitimate. It is probable that a copyist inadvertently picked up the phrase from Romans 8:4 which has the identical wording.
Can you see how this additional phrase leads to a slightly different interpretation of "no condemnation"? Paul is not basing his declaration of no condemnation upon our conduct, but upon our position (in Christ). While it is true that those who are in Christ should not and do not consistently walk according to the flesh, this is not a condition for their status of "no condemnation" and for that, we thank our merciful Father for the wisdom and perfection of His plan of salvation.
The Net Bible also adds this note: "The earliest and best witnesses of the Alexandrian and Western texts have no additional words for v1. Both the external evidence and internal evidence are completely compelling for the shortest reading. The scribes were obviously motivated to add such qualifications (interpolated from v4), for otherwise, Paul’s gospel smelled too much of grace."!
Dr. Harry Ironside has an interesting thought on the variation in translations remarking that "Careful students of the original text discover that the last part of Romans 8:1 in the King James version is an interpolation properly belonging to verse 4 [Romans 8:4]. The magnificent statement that opens Romans 8 - "There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus" - requires no qualifying clause. Our justification does not depend on our walk. Freedom from condemnation is given to all who are in Christ, and to be in Him means to be of the new creation. A glance at the Revised version or any critical translation will show that what I am pointing out is sustained by all the editors. It was man's innate aversion to sovereign grace, I am certain, that brought these qualifying words into the text of the King James version. It seemed too much to believe that freedom from condemnation depended solely on being in Christ Jesus and not on our walking after the Spirit. So it was easy to lift the words from verse 4 [Romans 8:4-note] into verse 1 [Romans 8:1]. But in verse 4 [Romans 8:4] they have their proper place for there Paul was writing of the state of the believer. In verse 1 [Romans 8:1] it is the question of standing that is under consideration. Romans Expository Commentary
*Dr. Harry Ironside – a Canadian-American Bible teacher, theologian, pastor, and author who pastored Moody Bible Church in Chicago. He lived from 1929 to 1951.
“Therefore” – is called a “term of conclusion”.
“there is now no condemnation”-
“now” – at this present time. Paul is contrasting a time when there was condemnation.
“no” – From the Greek word oudeis – no, nothing, not even one.
Note – In the original Greek, “no” is the first word of the sentence. See the word study below.
Word Study No - (3762) (oudeis from oude in turn from ou = not + dé = but + heis = one) literally means "but absolutely not one". This negative thus denies absolutely and objectively the possibility in this case of condemnation by God. preceptaustin.org
Pritchard comments on this word order noting that...
When the New Testament writers wanted to emphasize a particular word, they would put it at the first part of the sentence. That was their way of saying, "This is important. Notice this. Pay attention to it." In the Greek, the first word is not "therefore." The first word is not "there." The first word is not "is." The first word is not "now." The first word in this verse in the Greek is the word "no." The fifth word in our translation is first in the original because Paul wants to emphasize in the strongest possible way that there is no condemnation. That's why he took the word "no" and moved it to the front.
“And it's not ou, but oude, which is an even stronger negation in the Greek language. There is, therefore, no condemnation. You might translate it this way: "There is no condemnation—none whatsoever—for the believer in Christ Jesus...
Do you know what that means? We may stumble, we may fall, we may trip, we may make a thousand mistakes, we may sin and we do, we may get off the path, we may go astray, we may have a thousand problems, but for the believer in Jesus Christ, there is, therefore now, no condemnation because God has said it is so. You can struggle, but you're not condemned. You can fall, but you're not condemned. You can trip, but you're not condemned. You can stray off the path, but you are not condemned because God has said He will not condemn those who are in Christ Jesus.
When Jesus saved you, he didn't say he would take away all your problems. No, but he did say this; in your problems, there is no condemnation. In your struggles, there is no condemnation, in your failure, there is no condemnation. In your going astray, there is no condemnation. preceptaustin.org
“condemnation” – From the Greek word katakrima – "the sentence pronounced, the condemnation" with a suggestion of the punishment following; it is found in Rom. 5:16, 18; Rom. 8:1. Vine's Expository Dictionary
From root words (kata) and (krino); to judge against, i.e. sentence: - condemn, damn. Strong's Talking Greek & Hebrew Dictionary
Word Study - Katakrima means to judge someone as definitely guilty and thus subject to punishment, which accounts for the literal translation of "adverse judgment and resultant punishment". It is a legal technical term for the result of judging, including both the sentence and the execution of the sentence followed by a suggested punishment (The suffix -ma makes it the result of judgment). Katakrima is always an adverse verdict. Stated another way, katakrima (condemnation) relates to the sentencing for a crime, but its primary focus is not so much on the verdict as on the penalty that the verdict demands.
The divine guilty verdict is the polar opposite of justification. The verdict refers to God’s sentence. The word for condemnation involves the ideas of “punishment” and “doom.” So we ask: Condemned to what? The answer is, to divine punishment and doom. The seriousness of this condemnation cannot be overstated. preceptaustin.org
“No condemnation”, blame, censure, denunciation, or reproach.
Practical Application
"No condemnation" (Ouden katakrima) means that the believer is not doomed and damned, but is freed from the penalty and condemnation of sin; he is not judged as a sinner, but is delivered from the condemnation of death and hell; he is not judged to be unrighteous, but is counted to be righteous.
Very simply stated, the person who is in Christ is safe and secure from condemnation now and forever. He will not be judged as a sinner; he will not face condemnation. He is beyond condemnation; he will never be condemned for sin; he will never be separated from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord (cp. John 3:16; Romans 8:33-39). Practical Word Studies in The New Testament
Why was there previously condemnation upon all men?
Because of Adam’s sin in the garden, all men were born, “in Adam” and as a result, were made sinners and thus condemned. (Rom. 5:16-19)
“for those who are in Christ Jesus.” -
The penalty for our sin was paid for by the shed blood and subsequent death of Jesus. (Rom. 5:7-9)
We have been justified (declared innocent of our sin debt) by the death of Christ, thus, there is now no condemnation. The sin issue between man and God was settled at the cross. For those who have placed their faith in Christ’s death, burial, and resurrection, there is forgiveness, new life, and a new identity in Christ Jesus. By faith we are united with Christ (Rom. 6), consequently, we are said to be “in Christ” (in union with Christ), and that is the most secure place a person can be! There is now freedom for those who are in Christ Jesus!
V2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death.
“For” – a term of explanation.
“the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus” –
“law” – From the Greek word nomos - of a force or influence impelling to action, Vine's Expository Dictionary
“law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus” - Here that “inner force”, mentioned above, is the power of the Holy Spirit that dwells in all those who have been born again. The Holy Spirit is the one who gives us life. (John 6:63; Rom 8:11; 2 Cor. 3:4-6)
“in Christ Jesus” - Refers to our union with Christ. (Romans 6)
“has set you free” –to liberate.
“the law of sin and of death.” - As it is throughout most of the book of Romans, “sin” here is used as a noun. When used as a noun, it refers to a power that dwells in the physical bodies of all people. Please read The Controlling Power of Sin on this website for a better understanding.
“death” – From the Greek word thanatos – separation. Separation from God, who is the source of all life, thus, death is the separation from life.
Death is the result of sin. Adam’s sin in the garden brought death to all mankind. Romans 5:12
V3 For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh , God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,
“For” – a term of explanation. Gives a reason why the preceding statement is true.
“the Law” – refers to the Mosaic Law.
“could not do,” – From the Greek word adynatos – unable, i.e. weak; passive impossible; impotent. Strong's Talking Greek & Hebrew Dictionary
Was something wrong with the Law? No. The Law was holy and righteous and good (Rom 7:12). The Law had a purpose. It revealed man’s sinfulness. It brought condemnation. It was put in place to lead a person to Christ (Galatians Ch. 3). It showed a person their need for a savior.
5 But the goal of our instruction is love from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. 6 For some men, straying from these things, have turned aside to fruitless discussion, 7 wanting to be teachers of the Law, even though they do not understand either what they are saying or the matters about which they make confident assertions. 8 But we know that the Law is good, if one uses it lawfully, 9 realizing the fact that law is not made for a righteous person, but for those who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers 10 and immoral men and homosexuals and kidnappers and liars and perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound teaching, 11 according to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, with which I have been entrusted. 1 Timothy 1:5-11
The Law is good if one uses it lawfully, but the Law is not made for a righteous person. The new man in Christ is righteous!
So, what was the problem?
The Law was “weak as it was through the flesh,”
“weak” – From the Greek word asthenes -to be feeble (in any sense): - be diseased, impotent folk (man), (be) sick, (be, be made) weak. Strong's Talking Greek & Hebrew Dictionary
The Law was weak in that it provided no power for a person to keep its demands. As mentioned above, that was never the purpose of the Law. So then, a person who tries to live by Law will always be condemned for their failure to keep it.
“as it was through the flesh,” - The Law’s commandments were given to Israel who agreed to keep them all.
But all men are carnal (of flesh), which implies inherent weakness. See notes on Rom. 7:14. No matter how hard a person tries, they cannot keep the commandments of the Law. This was Paul’s struggle in chapter seven. When man attempts to keep the Mosaic Law or any other set of rules, the power of sin, which dwells in our physical body, is aroused and his attempts to keep it (Law) are done according to his flesh (self-effort).
Man proved this truth almost from day one. Recall when Moses, speaking for God at Mount Sinai, gave the Law to the nation of Israel. They all agreed to keep the Law.
7 So Moses came and called the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which the LORD had commanded him. 8 All the people answered together and said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do!" And Moses brought back the words of the people to the LORD. Exodus 19:7-8
7 Then he took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people; and they said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!" Exodus 24:7
But before Moses came down from Mount Sinai, the people of Israel became disobedient to God’s commandments.
7 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, "Go down at once, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves. 8 “They have quickly turned aside from the way which I commanded them. They have made for themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it and have sacrificed to it and said, 'This is your god, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt!'" Exodus 32:7-8
18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the Law. Galatians 5:18
“God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,” -
“God did:” – God set us free from the law of the power of sin and death and the condemnation that came with it.
How did he do that?
By “sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,”
God sent his Son, Jesus, to set us free from sin and death. It is our union with Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection that accomplished this (Roman 6).
“in the likeness of sinful flesh” – literally – “in likeness of flesh of sin”.
“likeness” – From the Greek word homoiōma - from (homoioo); a form; abstract resemblance: - made like to, likeness, shape, similitude. Strong's Talking Greek & Hebrew Dictionary
Jesus was fully a man (human) with a body of flesh and blood just like all other humans but without the power of sin dwelling in his physical body like all other humans. (Phil 2:5-8; 2 Cor. 5:21; 1 Pet. 2:21-22; 1 Jo. 3:5)
“and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,” - The phrase “as an offering” does not appear in the original Greek text. A more accurate reading would be “and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh”.
The sinless body of Christ was offered as payment for the sin debt of all mankind. For those who receive Christ by faith, sin can no longer condemn them. (However, a Christian may “feel” condemned if he believes the lies of Satan). And furthermore, sin itself has been condemned. It literally means that sin has been judged and declared to have no further power over those who are in Christ (unless of course, we allow it).
Sin is, as it were, brought into court, and the cause given against it. It loses all its rights and claims over its victim. It is dispossessed as one who is dispossessed of a property. Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
“in the flesh” – Bible scholars are divided as to what this phrase refers to. Is it speaking of Christ’s fleshly body that was sacrificed on the cross to pay the sin debt; or is it referring to man’s fleshly body where the power of sin dwells? I’m not sure which of these Paul was referring to here, but both are true.
V4 so that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh But according to the Spirit.
“that the righteousness of the law may be fulfilled in us,” –
“law” - in this verse is still referring to the Mosaic Law as it was in the previous verse.
“righteousness” – From the Greek word dikaioma – the concrete expression of “righteousness” Vine’s Expository Dictionary
We are told throughout the scriptures that righteousness is by faith, not by keeping the Law. Also, Paul has just told us that we have died to the Law (Rom. 7:4)! So, at first glance, this verse can be confusing (you may find it helpful to read v3-4 together several times).
This verse is discussing the expression of righteousness, i.e., how a person exhibits righteousness in their behavior. As the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary puts it – “the practical obedience which the law calls for.”
“may be fulfilled in us,” – Fulfilled “in” us, not “by” us. The Law focused on external behavior. God desires a pure heart, which can only come about by the work of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the agent by which he fills our hearts with love. (Rom. 5:5) And it is love that is the fulfillment of the Law. (Rom. 13:10)
who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.” –
“walk” - used figuratively to indicate how a person lives his life day today.
“walk according to the flesh” vs. “according to the Spirit” –
This is the ongoing battle that all Christians face every moment of every day. A non-Christian does not have this battle. Why? Because they do not have the Holy Spirit, thus they can only walk according to the flesh. See Understanding the Flesh on this website.
For the flesh sets its desire against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; for these are in opposition to one another, so that you may not do the things that you please. Galatians 5:17
Compare this with what Paul said in verse two of this chapter. The power of the Holy Spirit sets us free from the power of sin, but it is only when we surrender to the leading of the Holy Spirit that we experience this freedom. It is the walk of faith!
Flesh may be described as one’s mindset of selfish thinking and the resulting *patterns of behavior. These patterns of behavior are activated when I choose to believe Satan’s lies and act out of my own resources in order to cope with life, solve my problems, or meet my needs. The flesh is always focused primarily on self. My resources include things such as my – heritage, education, IQ, personality, sense of humor, looks, talents, abilities, money, self-discipline, strength, etc. In other words, it is me living my life and attempting to get my needs met independently of Christ.
__________________________________________________________
*patterns of behavior, aka flesh patterns, can be described simply as habitual patterns of thinking/behaving that are used to meet a God-given inner need. We are often unaware of these destructive patterns of behavior, thus, they become one’s “default” mode. See Understanding the Flesh on this website.
So here in verse four, Paul is speaking to Christians, since only Christians have the choice to walk according to the Holy Spirit. As Christians, we can still choose to walk according to the flesh. But it is when we walk according to the Holy Spirit that we manifest his love (a fruit of the Holy Spirit) and it is this love that is declared to be the fulfillment of the Law. When you are motivated by love, you don’t need a set of rules to compel you to do the right thing.
13 For you were called to freedom, brethren; only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another. 14 For the whole Law is fulfilled in one word, in the statement, "YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOURSELF." Galatians 5:13-14
V5 For those who are according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh , but those who are according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.
“For” – a term of explanation.
“those who are according to the flesh” – see notes on v4.
“according to” – in conformity with; in agreement with.
“the things of the flesh” – those selfish thoughts that lead to functioning independent of God.
“set their minds” – to entertain or have an attitude; set your affection on; to be controlled by; to focus on; to give careful and serious consideration to something; ponder or fix your attention on something. Can mean a general disposition of the mind rather than a focus on a specific idea.
This phrase is written in the present tense meaning it is an ongoing act or practice. It is also in the active voice, which indicates that the person actively chooses. Thus, we choose moment by moment on what we want to think about.
And it is our mindset that usually determines our behavior. Beware, the battle begins in our minds (Rom. 7:23; Eph. 2:3); that is why we are told to renew our minds (Rom. 12:2; Eph. 4:23; Col. 3:2).
“those who are according to the Spirit” – see notes on v4.
“the things of the Spirit.” – the mindset that is in complete surrender to the leading of the Holy Spirit. This is the attitude of faith in Christ alone.
V6 For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace,
“For”– a term of explanation.
“the mind set on the flesh is death,” - So, when we focus on the flesh we die? Certainly, this does not refer to physical death, for if it did, there would be no one left alive on planet Earth!
As mentioned before, we all function in three different realms – physical (body), psychological (soul), and spiritual (spirit). It is in our soul where we experience either life or death in the present moment.
Consider John 6:63; 2 Cor. 3:5-6; Gal. 6:8
As you can see, it is vitally important to keep our minds renewed with the truth. It is only in Christ that we can receive life. And, until we receive life (Christ), we can never experience it (Him)!
V7 because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; For it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so,
Paul just said that the mind set on the flesh is death (v6). Why is this so? V7 gives the answer.
“because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God;” –
“hostile” – by implication a reason for opposition: - enmity, hatred. Strong's Dictionary
It is the opposite of agapē, "love." Vine's Expository Dictionary
Practical Word Studies in The New Testament - Hatred, hostility, ill will, enmity, hostility, animosity. Practical Application - It is the hatred that lingers and is held for a long; a hatred that is deep within.
“for it does not subject itself to the law of God,” - Here we see the phrase “law of God” again. It first appeared in Rom. 7:22, where law is described as “a force or influence impelling to action”. This force or power of God is the person of the Holy Spirit that indwells all Christians. As previously mentioned, it is the power of the Holy Spirit that impels us to the thoughts/actions that lead to life.
V8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
“in the flesh” – refers to one’s spiritual identity.
As previously stated, if you are “in the flesh” you can only walk “according to the flesh”, which is in opposition to the things of God, and thus, “cannot please God.”
V9 However, you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him.
“However,” – literally translated “but”, which is a term of contrast.
“you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit,” – Paul is contrasting those in the flesh (non-Christians) with those in the Spirit (Christians).
“if indeed” - since; in view of the fact; seeing that. The same phrase is also in v17.
“the Spirit of God dwells in you.” – This is the distinguishing characteristic of the two groups being contrasted. When a person receives Christ by faith, he is immediately indwelt by the Holy Spirit. It is the Holy Spirit that assures us that we are children of God.
The following phrases used in this verse - “the Spirit”, “the Spirit of God”, and the “Spirit of Christ” are all the same spirit, namely the Holy Spirit. I believe that Paul uses these three different phrases to make that very point. There are not three different spirits indwelling Christians. We have our human spirit indwelt by the Holy Spirit.
The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God, Romans 8:16
So, when we are in the Spirit, the Spirit is also in us. As we discussed in chapter six, we have been united with Christ in an inseparable union! We are one spirit with the Lord.
And he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit; 1 Corinthians 6:17 (YLT)
“But” – a term of contrast.
“if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him.” -
Now Paul contrasts those who belong to God and those who don’t. Again, the distinguishing characteristic is the indwelling Holy Spirit.
Those who have the Spirit of Christ (Holy Spirit) belong to God. The Holy Spirit seals us in Christ. The Holy Spirit is God’s “mark of ownership” on us. We are secure and protected in Christ. We have been bought with the precious blood of Jesus. Amen.
V10 If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin , yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness.
“If” – used here not to express doubt or uncertainty. Actually means “since”.
“Christ is in you” – Christ is in all believers via the Holy Spirit.
20 “I have been crucified with Christ; and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself up for me. Galatians 2:20
27 to whom God willed to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. Colossians 1:27
“though the body is dead because of sin,” –
“body” – From the Greek word soma – refers to one’s physical body as a whole.
“is dead” – From the Greek word nekros – dead. Speaks of the ultimate end to every physical body. Perhaps the word “dying” would be more representative of what Paul is trying to communicate. We are all dying (physically) and there is nothing we can do about it. The longer you live on planet Earth, the more convinced you become of this truth.
“because of sin” – “sin” is a noun here, not an action, but rather a power that indwells our body. As previously discussed, sin always leads to death – physical, soulical, and spiritual.
It should be comforting to know that all Christians will one day receive a new body that will never die! Read 1 Corinthians 15 for more on this subject.
“yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness.” -
“yet” – a term of contrast. Paul is contrasting our dead body with our new spirit that is alive.
“the spirit” – There are some who believe that the word “spirit” here refers to man’s spirit, while others believe it refers to the Holy Spirit. Bible translators often use a capital “S” when they believe the text is referring to the Holy Spirit and a small “s” when referring to man’s spirit. However, the ancient Greek writings were all written in CAPITAL letters, because their alphabet did not have small letters until sometime around the seventh century. They also did not use punctuation or spaces in their writing. Therefore, when a translator makes the distinction between a small “s” and a capital “S”, they are becoming not only a translator but also an interpreter.
I believe it refers to man’s spirit in this context. Paul is contrasting the man’s body with his spirit. The body is dead (dying), yet his spirit is alive. And it is obviously the Holy Spirit that gives life to man’s spirit.
“It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing; the words that I have spoken to you are spirit and are life. John 6:63
“alive because of righteousness.” -
“righteousness.” - “alive and righteousness” are correlative terms. Those who have received Christ by faith have received his life and are declared righteous. (2 Cor. 5:21) Righteousness is a gift of God to men whereby all who believe on the Lord Jesus Christ are brought into right relationship with God. (Rom. 5:17) We are righteous because of the indwelling presence of Christ.
V11 But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you.
“But”- From the Greek word de – is also translated – and, also, moreover. “And” seems to fit better here.
“if”- used here again not to express doubt or uncertainty. Actually means “since”.
“the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you,” – As mentioned in the comments on v9, there is only one Spirit, the Holy Spirit that indwells the human spirit of all Christians. I believe the important point in this phrase is the truth that we have the same Spiritual power in us that was able to resurrect Jesus from the dead. This life-giving power also, among other things, keeps us united with the love of God in Christ Jesus (v37)! Amen.
“dwells” – From the Greek word oikeo - from (oikos); to occupy a house, i.e. reside (figurative inhabit, remain, inhere); by implication to cohabit: - dwell. Strong's Talking Greek & Hebrew Dictionary
“dwells” - In other words, He has taken up residence within our life. It is in the present active indicative. Continuously He dwells in our life, of His own accord (active voice) and write it down, it is a fact (indicative) you see. In other words, this is something that you just take home and understand. God says He has taken up residence in your life. The Holy Spirit taking up residence in your life is proof of your holiness before God. Understand that. Wayne Barber
“He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you.” –
“He” – refers to the same Spirit that raised Jesus from the dead.
“will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you.” – The indwelling Holy Spirit will also give life to your mortal body.
“mortal bodies” – From the Greek word thnetos – liable to die. Strong’s Talking Dictionary
Here is the question. Is this “life that is given to your mortal body” referring to resurrection life, or life right now on planet Earth, or both?
As mentioned in v10, our physical bodies are dying. Paul refers to them as “perishable” (1 Cor. 15:42). We also know that we are promised a new glorified body (1 Cor. 15:43) at some point after this current one dies. Since the resurrection of Jesus is mentioned twice in this verse, I tend to believe that Paul here is also referring to the resurrection of our new spiritual body, which will be imperishable. Consider Romans 8:23.
1 For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 2 For indeed in this house we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven, 3 inasmuch as we, having put it on, will not be found naked. 4 For indeed while we are in this tent, we groan, being burdened, because we do not want to be unclothed but to be clothed, so that what is mortal will be swallowed up by life. 5 Now He who prepared us for this very purpose is God, who gave to us the Spirit as a pledge. 2 Corinthians 5:1-5
V12 So then, brethren, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh—
“So then,” – a phrase of conclusion.
“brethren,” – speaking to his fellow believers (the church), regardless of gender.
“we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh—” -
“under obligation” - "one who owes anything to another," Vine's Expository Dictionary
“not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh—” – believers have no debt to live according to the flesh.
V13 For if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
“For” – a term of explanation. Verses 13-15 all start with the word “for”, thus giving an explanation for a previous verse(s). Paul gives the explanation in these three verses for why we are not obligated to live according to the flesh (v12).
“if” – introducing a conditional clause here. If this one thing is true, then the other is true. Paul also uses this same if/then type of statement in the second half of this verse.
“if you are living according to the flesh, you must die”-
“living according to the flesh” – thinking and acting independently of God.
“you must die” – the result of living according to the flesh.
“must” – From the Greek word mello – shall, should, will, things to come. Strong's Dictionary
- "to be about (to be or do)," is used of purpose, certainty, compulsion or necessity.
Vine's Expository Dictionary
I prefer the wording in the Amplified Bible - “you will surely die”.
In v6, Paul stated that the mind set on the flesh is death (soulical death). See notes on v6. We know the mind set on the flesh leads to “living according to the flesh” (independent of God), thus death is the result. As believers, we all have times we function according to the flesh. Do you die physically when that happens? No. Do you die spiritually when that happens? Of course not. But we do experience death in our soul. Our soul is our experiencer; it is where we experience either life or death in the present moment.
Many Bible commentators suggest this verse refers to unbelievers, i.e., those who have not been born again and received new life in Christ. They say the death Paul speaks of in this verse is eternal death in hell! I completely disagree with this conclusion. Paul begins his sentence in v12 where he addresses his readers as “brethren”, i.e., fellow believers in Christ. Then he reminds them that they do not have to walk (live their life) according to the flesh (only non-Christians have no choice but to walk according to the flesh). Why the warning? Because we can choose to live according to the flesh, but that is not who we are! To teach that living according to the flesh results in spiritual death means that one has become separated from the life of Jesus and thus, is hell-bound! That is impossible! There is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus (V1). Nothing can separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus (v38-39)! Those who interpret this verse as such do not understand that we function as body, soul, and spirit and that each of these has a life function. For more on this subject, read God’s Design for Man on this website.
“but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.” -
“but” – a term of contrast. Paul is contrasting living according to the flesh with living according to the Holy Spirit and the consequences of both.
“by the Spirit” – living under the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit. This is only available to those who have the Holy Spirit, i.e., those who have been spiritually reborn.
“are putting to death the deeds of the body,” – refers to the behaviors of one living according to the flesh. (Gal. 5:16) See Understanding the Flesh on this website.
“you will live.” – the consequences of those living according to the Holy Spirit. You will experience life and peace. See v6. Moreover, you will experience all the fruit of the Holy Spirit. (Gal. 5:22-23)
V14 For all who are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.
“For” – a term of explanation. Verses 13-15 all start with the word “for”, thus giving an explanation for a previous verse(s). Paul gives the explanation in these three verses for why we are not obligated to live according to the flesh (v12).
“Those being led by the Spirit of God” –
This refers to those who are walking (living their life) under the direction and power of the Holy Spirit.
“are sons of God” –
“sons” – From the Greek word huis – occurs nearly 400 times in the KJV bible. Translated primarily as either - son(s) or children. Its meaning varies widely depending on the context.
Seven times in v14 – 23 Paul mentions that as Christians, we are “sons” or “children” of God. Does the phrase “sons of God” differ in meaning from the phrase “children of God”? Both phrases definitely refer to those who have received Christ by faith, i.e., Christians. Also, “sons of God” refers to both male and female Christians.
So, is there any significant difference in meaning between the two phrases? Theologians are not in agreement on that subject. Here is an example -
"The difference between believers as "children of God" and as "sons of God" is brought out in Rom. 8:14-21. The Spirit bears witness with their spirit that they are "children of God," and, as such, they are His heirs and joint-heirs with Christ. This stresses the fact of their spiritual birth (vv. 16, 17). On the other hand, "as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God," i.e., "these and no other." Their conduct gives evidence of the dignity of their relationship and their likeness to His character." Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testaments Words, by W.E. Vine, pp. 585
So Paul’s point in Rom. 8:14 is that if the Spirit of God is leading us to kill our sin, then we can be assured that we are “sons of God.” Some commentators see significance in the fact that Paul changes from “sons” (8:14, 15) to “children” (8:16, 17), but I agree with the majority who say that there is no significant difference. But, significantly, this is the first time in Romans that Paul mentions this wonderful truth, that we are children of God. We have been born into God’s family through the Spirit who imparts new life to us (8:2, 6, 10). And, we have been adopted into God’s family as His chosen heirs (8:15, 17). Steven J. Cole*
*Steve served as the pastor of Flagstaff Christian Fellowship from May 1992 through his retirement in December 2018. From 1977-1992 he was the pastor of Lake Gregory Community Church in Crestline, California. He graduated from Dallas Theological Seminary (Th.M., 1976 in Bible exposition) and California State University, Long Beach (B.A., philosophy, 1968).
Children (5043) (teknon) emphasizes family relationship based on regeneration, while "sons" (huios) stresses legal standing. preceptaustin.org
As of this writing, I believe the phrase, “sons of God”, refers to our position or standing, with all the rights and privileges of a son, within the family of God. All who receive Christ by faith, whether male or female have this standing in God’s family. I am unsure if Paul is trying to communicate something different when he chooses the word “children” rather than “sons” of God. However, I do not believe it makes a significant difference in how we live our lives right now today.
V15 For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, But you have received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, "Abba! Father!"
“For” – a term of explanation. Verses 13-15 all start with the word “for”, thus giving an explanation for a previous verse(s). Paul gives the explanation in these three verses for why we are not obligated to live according to the flesh (v12).
“You” – refers to members of the body of Christ (the church) in Rome.
Paul continues his comments on being “sons of God” (v14) by contrasting two different attitudes of living -
“a spirit of slavery that leads to fear again”
versus
“a spirit of adoption as sons” that leads to an intimate relationship with God
First, we must decide what is meant by the word “spirit” (used twice) in this verse. The primary word that is translated as “spirit” in the New Testament is the Greek word pneuma. This word has several different meanings and can be difficult to determine the writer’s intentions. As always, the context must be considered; but even so, it can still be difficult to determine the correct meaning.
Note – Some Bible translations choose to capitalize the word spirit when they believe it refers to the Holy Spirit. It is important to note that all of the Greek New Testament was originally written in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS with no spaces and probably no punctuation. It was not until sometime in the second century before small letters and punctuation were used in Greek writings.
The two most common interpretations of “spirit” in this verse is 1) our human spirit, 2) the Holy Spirit. Another possibility is that “spirit” refers to an attitude, or as noted in Strong’s Dictionary, a person’s mental disposition.
From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers –
Spirit of bondage —The Greek corresponds very nearly to what we should naturally understand by the English phrase, “such a spirit as would be found in slaves.” The word “spirit” varies much in meaning in these verses. Here it means the “dominant habit or frame of mind;” in the next verse, it is used both for the Spirit of God and the spirit of man.
“to fear again” —To take you back under the old terrorism of the Law. The Law, if it contained promises, was still more essentially a system of threats; for the threats took effect, while the promises remained ineffectual because the Law could not be fulfilled.
Spirit of adoption —That spirit which is characteristic of those who are taken to be sons, who, like the Christian at his baptism, are admitted into this relation of sonship.
Rick’s thoughts –
The first use of “spirit” – It could be referring to our human spirit. Here’s why. The word “again” appears after the first use of “spirit”. Never has the Holy Spirit been a spirit of slavery and fear; but when we were born onto planet earth, our human spirit was in just that condition, because we all lived in bondage to sin and death.
The second use of “spirit” - Most commentators believe the word “spirit” here refers to the Holy Spirit. It is important to note that a more accurate translation of this phrase is “a spirit of sonship” (see below).
It is easy to see how someone might conclude that “spirit” in this phrase refers to the Holy Spirit. This would be in context with the surrounding verses. And of course, the Holy Spirit within us certainly affects how we think and act. However, when we received Christ, we received a new heart, a new human spirit, and the Holy Spirit. (Eze. 36:26-27) With that in mind, the second use of “spirit” in this verse could also refer to our new human spirit. From a practical standpoint, it would not seem to matter since our human spirit is inseparably joined to the Holy Spirit. (1 Corinthians 6:17)
Another consideration that causes one to think this second use of “spirit” refers to the Holy Spirit is how Paul has used a similar phrase in his earlier writings. Consider his letter to the Galatians –
Because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father!" Galatians 4:6
In this passage in Galatians, Paul is definitely referring to the Holy Spirit who is crying out "Abba! Father!".
Note – See “Additional Notes” on v9 for a better understanding of “the Spirit of his Son”.
Also note, that the phrase "Abba! Father!" is used only three times in the Bible; twice by Paul and once by Jesus just prior to going to the cross. (Mk 14:36) See notes below on the meaning of this reference to God.
Conclusion for the meaning of the word “spirit” -
As of this writing, my conclusion on the first usage of “spirit” in this verse is that it refers to a person’s attitude or mental disposition. Again, Paul is contrasting two possibilities – a spirit of fear or a spirit of sonship – both concern an attitude of living.
Paul has already told us that –
We have been set free from the power of sin (Ch. 6) and the Law (Ch. 7)
We are no longer slaves to sin or the Law.
We are “in the Spirit” not “in the flesh” (refers to our identity).
When we set our mind on the flesh, we behave according to the flesh; and when our mind is set on the Holy Spirit, we behave under his direction and power.
When we are led (under the direction and power) of the Holy Spirit, we prove we are sons of God.
Paul is reminding us of who we are and encouraging us to live accordingly, not with an attitude of fear, but as one who has the standing in God’s family as a son!
The second use of “spirit” in this verse could refer to the same thing as the first usage (an attitude or mental disposition), or it could be referring to the Holy Spirit. Either way, the message Paul is trying to communicate is that we should live in the freedom we have as sons of God!
“a spirit of slavery that leads to fear again” –
“slavery” – From the Greek word douleia – slavery; bondage; Strong’s Dictionary
To bind; primarily the condition of being a slave; came to denote any kind of bondage. Vine’s Dictionary
Bondage to what? We were all in bondage to sin and lived in fear of death. Those who have received Christ by faith have been set free from the power and penalty of sin. However, we can still choose to allow sin to control and destroy our life on earth. As Paul has told us repeatedly in this letter, sin always leads to death.
“that leads to fear again” – the fear of death which has held all men in bondage prior to their salvation.
14 Therefore, since the children share in flesh and blood, He Himself likewise also partook of the same, that through death He might render powerless him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, 15 and might free those who through fear of death were subject to slavery all their lives. Hebrews 2.14-15
We know that this spirit of bondage and fear did not come from God –
For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of a sound mind. 2 Timothy 1:7 (NKJV)
17 By this, love is perfected with us, so that we may have confidence in the day of judgment; because as He is, so also are we in this world. 18 There is no fear in love; but perfect love casts out fear, because fear involves punishment, and the one who fears is not perfected in love. 1 John 4:17-18
“a spirit of adoption as sons” –
“adoption as sons” - From the Greek words huiothesia ; and huios, "a son", and thesis, "a placing", akin to tithēmi, "to place," signifies the place and condition of a son given to one to whom it does not naturally belong. The word is used by the Apostle Paul only. Vine's Expository Dictionary
Other occurrences of this word – Rom. 8:15, 23; Rom. 9:4; Eph. 1:5; Gal. 4:4-5.
A more accurate translation of this phrase would read, “a spirit of sonship”.
Paul first used this Greek word (huiothesia) in Gal. 4:5 (Galatians was written before Romans) where he was contrasting the standing and rights as a son for those in the family of God with the bondage of those under the Law.
In Romans chapter eight, Paul has told us we are no longer condemned for our sin because Jesus set us free from sin and death. He reminds us that we no longer need to live according to our flesh (self-effort) because we have been given the Holy Spirit and can now live under his direction and power. He reminds us in v14-23 that we are now “sons of God” with all its privileges and rights.
The imagery of adoption
Here in the book of Romans, Paul again uses the imagery of adoption to emphasize the full rights of sonship for those in Christ.
Adoption was something with which most people were familiar in the first-century Roman Empire. We are not talking about a Jewish custom here. The Old Covenant Law did not make any provision for adoption, although the Jews did adopt. Here Paul is referring to the Roman idea and practice of adoption.
In ancient Rome, it was not babies and young children that were adopted as they are here in the Western world. It was the young male adults (usually in their twenties) who were preferred by those seeking to adopt. Also, females were rarely adopted. Thus, when Paul talks about adoption in reference to becoming “sons of God”, his listeners would have a great understanding of what he meant.
These young men were usually adopted into wealthy families with an estate, and/or families of reputation or prominence. The most common reason for adoption was so that the father would have an heir to take over and continue to prosper his estate. Often, even though these families already had one or more sons, they would still adopt another. This was done when a father did not think his biological son or sons were capable of handling his estate in a way that it would prosper.
There was a power in ancient Rome called patria potestas, which means “the father’s power.” A father could legally disown his biological child, sell his son for adoption, or even kill his child for any reason. The father had absolute power over his biological children.
To be adopted into a wealthy family was often the only way a young man could improve his status in society. When a person was adopted, their life was immediately changed, usually for the better. And these changes were permanent.
Here is a list of changes that occurred –
1. He would get a new name and a new identity. He would take the name of his new father and would keep it for the rest of his life.
2. All prior commitments, responsibilities and debts were erased.
3. He would become a permanent part of his new family. A new father could not disown an adopted child like he could his biological child.
4. He gained all the rights of a fully legitimate son in his new family
5. The adopted person lost all rights to his old family. However, he was able to stay in touch with them.
6. He became an heir to his new father’s estate. Even if there were biological sons in the family, it did not affect his rights. He became a joint heir with them.
The adoption ceremony was carried out in the presence of seven witnesses in order to guarantee the rights of the adopted son. Consider Rom. 8:16.
Another condition for adoption was the adopting family had to have the purchase price for the son. The price also had to be a high price.
It is very obvious that the rights and privileges an adopted son had according to Roman laws and customs, very closely parallel those we have as sons (refers to both male and female) in the family of God.
When Paul uses this imagery of adoption, I do not believe he is saying that as Christians we are “adopted” into God’s family. We become part of God’s family by faith in Christ’s redemptive work. Our old human spirit is born again and joined to Christ’s Spirit forever. Paul is using the familiar practice of adoption to teach his readers that as a new creation in Christ and members (sons/children) of the family of God, we have the same rights and privileges as an adopted son would have in the first century Roman Empire. And remember, Paul himself, was a Roman citizen.
“crying”- to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, entreat) from the Greek word krazo in both Galatians and Romans.
“by which we cry out, "Abba! Father!"
In both Gal. 4:6 and Rom. 8:15, it is the Holy Spirit that cries Abba! Father!
“Abba” - is an Aramaic word, found in Mark 14:36, Rom. 8:15, and Gal. 4:6. In the Gemara (a Rabbinical commentary on the Mishna, the traditional teaching of the Jews) it is stated that slaves were forbidden to address the head of the family by this title. It approximates to a personal name, in contrast to "Father," with which it is always joined in the NT. This is probably because abba having practically become a proper name, Greek-speaking Jews added the Greek word patēr, "father," from the language they used. abba is the word framed by the lips of infants, and betokens unreasoning trust; "Father" expresses an intelligent apprehension of the relationship. The two together express the love and intelligent confidence of the child. Vine's Expository Dictionary
V16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God,
“The Spirit Himself” – refers to the Holy Spirit.
“testifies” – From the Greek word symmartyreō. It means to “bear witness with”. Vine’s Dictionary
This verb is in the present tense indicating a continual action.
“with our spirit” – refers to our human spirit. Man is created spirit, soul, and body. For more on this subject, read God’s Design for Man on this website.
“children of God” – refers to those who have been spiritually reborn and are now in the family of God.
The witness of the Holy Spirit with our spirit that we are children of God is in line with the imagery of adoption that Paul used in the previous verse. Under the Roman laws of adoption, seven witnesses were required at an adoption ceremony. This would assure the adopted son would retain all the rights and privileges of an adopted son.
V17 and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him So that we may also be glorified with Him.
“and” – there is more.
“if” – not suggesting doubt. Perhaps a better translation would be “since”. Since the one thing is true, then something else is also true. Since children, then we are also heirs.
“children,” – all those who have received Christ by faith are spiritually reborn into the family of God.
“heirs” – from Greek word kleronomos – literally denotes "one who obtains a lot or portion" (klēros, "a lot," nemomai, "to possess"), especially of an inheritance. The NT usage may be analyzed as under: "(a) the person to whom property is to pass on the death of the owner, Matt. 21:38; Mark 12:7; Luke 20:14; Gal. 4:1; (b) one to whom something has been assigned by God, on possession of which, however, he has not yet entered, as Abraham, Rom. 4:13, 14; Heb. 6:17; Christ, Heb. 1:2; the poor saints, Jas. 2:5; (c) believers, inasmuch as they share in the new order of things to be ushered in at the return of Christ, Rom. 8:17; Gal. 3:29; Gal. 4:7; Titus 3:7; (d) one who receives something other than by merit, as Noah, Heb. 11:7." Vine’s Dictionary
“heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ,” –
“heirs of God” – as a Christian, our inheritance is from God, owner of all things!
The earth is the LORD'S, and all it contains, The world, and those who dwell in it. Psalm 24:1
“fellow heirs” – means receiving possessions and/or inheriting together.
“with Christ,” – Hence, we will inherit all that Christ inherits from our Heavenly Father. Consider – Ps. 2:8; John 13:3; Rom. 11:36; Heb. 1:2.
3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you, l Peter 1:3-4
Paul has been encouraging those in Christ to live in the freedom of the Holy Spirit and with an attitude of sonship. He then reminds them that they are children of God and thus, co-heirs with Christ. But in mid-sentence, he also reminds them of another truth of which they should be aware -
“if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him.” –
“if indeed” – since; in view of the fact; seeing that. The same phrase is also in v9.
“we suffer with Him” –
“suffer with” – From the Greek word sympascho – to experience pain jointly or of the same kind (specially persecution; to “sympathize”): - suffer with. Strong's Dictionary
Note - This word is used in only one other place in the Bible – 1 Cor. 12:26, where it also pertains to the suffering of members of the body of Christ.
We suffer with Christ because we are spiritually united with him. As Christ suffered when he lived on planet Earth, so shall we – count on it.
But why would God allow his beloved children to suffer? That is a question asked by many, both Christians and unbelievers. While “suffering” is a topic that requires more discussion than is appropriate in this commentary, I will mention a few reasons for our suffering.
For our glory and God’s glory. The next part of this verse (Rom. 8:17) says exactly that. See also John 11:4, 40; 2 Cor. 4:17-18.
To increase our faith. - John 11:42; James 1:2-3; 1 Pet. 1:6-7.
To increase our dependence on God and not on ourselves. – 2 Cor. 1:8-9; 2 Cor. 12:9.
To produce Godly character – Rom. 5:3-4.
To know Christ – Phil. 3:7-11.
The world is not a “Christ-friendly” place and it’s getting worse, so expect persecution and suffering – John 15:18; Acts 14:22; 2 Tim. 3:12.
12 Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though some strange thing were happening to you; 13 but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ, keep on rejoicing, so that also at the revelation of His glory you may rejoice with exultation. 1 Peter 4:12-13
“testing” – to show us things about ourselves of which we may not be aware. God already knows; the testing is for us.
“so that we may also be glorified with Him.” –
“so” – a term of conclusion.
“glorified” – to magnify, extol, praise, exalt; to ascribe honor; when speaking of Christ, it means that his innate glory is brought to light, i.e., is made manifest. Adapted from Vine’s Dictionary
A reason we suffer is so that both we (Christians) and Christ will be glorified together!
Consider – Acts 5:40-42; Phil. 1:29
And finally, the Apostle Paul, who perhaps suffered more than anyone, had this to say about suffering -
7 But whatever things were gain to me, those things I have counted as loss for the sake of Christ. 8 More than that, I count all things to be loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but rubbish so that I may gain Christ, 9 and may be found in Him, not having a righteousness of my own derived from the Law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which comes from God on the basis of faith, 10 that I may know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death; 11 in order that I may attain to the resurrection from the dead. Phil. 3:7-11
V18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.
“For” – a term of explanation. Paul gives an additional explanation about the suffering we will experience.
“I consider” – Paul carefully studied the situation and came to the following conclusion -
“that the sufferings of this present time” – Paul is referring to the sufferings mentioned in the previous verse. This suffering will be with us throughout this present sin-filled age.
“present time” – literally the “now season”. Indicates a finite period of time. For the children of God, suffering is only temporary. There is coming a time for all Christians when there will be no more suffering!
“are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” -
“worthy” – From the Greek word axios - deserving; comparable; weighing as much as; of like value; root meaning – of balancing the scales; both sides should be equal.
“compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” –
“glory” – From the Greek word doxa – primarily signifies an opinion, estimate, and hence, the honor resulting from a good opinion. Vine’s Dictionary
Used in the Bible in a wide variety of ways, e.g., – splendor, grandeur, power, praise, honor, brightness, radiance, brilliance, revealed presence of God, God himself, amazing, greatness, heaven, pride, etc.
Paul is comparing our suffering with the coming glory that will be –
“revealed” - from the Greek word apokalypto – to take off the cover; disclose; reveal – Strong’s Dictionary
“to us” – from the Greek word eis - could also be translated “in us”.
V19 For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God.
For – a term of explanation.
“the anxious longing of the creation” –
“anxious longing”- From the Greek word apokaradokia – intense anticipation; earnest expectation. Strong’s Dictionary
- primarily "a watching with outstretched head" (apo, "from," kara, "the head," and dokeō, "to look, to watch"), signifies "strained expectancy, eager longing," the stretching forth of the head indicating an "expectation" of something from a certain place,
Vine's Expository Dictionary
“of the creation” –
“creation” – From the Greek word ktisis – building, creation, creature, ordinance. Strong’s Dictionary
- primarily "the act of creating," or "the creative act in process," has this meaning in Rom. 1:20; Gal. 6:15. Like the English word "creation," it also signifies the product of the "creative" act, the "creature," as in Mark 16:15, RV; Rom. 1:25; Rom. 8:19; Col. 1:15, etc.; in Heb. 9:11, AV, "building." In Mark 16:15; Col. 1:23 its significance has special reference to mankind in general. Vine's Expository Dictionary
- any created thing – Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon
Paul now brings up the subject of “the creation”. (v19-22) He first touched on the creation back in the first chapter of this letter as a testimony to God’s existence which is known to all men. (Rom. 1:19-20)
To what or to whom is Paul referring by the phrase “the creation”? Consider the following -
V19 - The creation is waiting for the revealing of the sons of God, thus, the creation is not referring to the sons/children of God; and unbelievers (non-Christians) are not eagerly awaiting the sons of God, thus, the creation is also not referring to unbelievers.
V20 - The creation also is subjected to a type of suffering (futility) along with the children of God. (v17-18) Again, the creation is not referring to the sons/children of God.
V21 - “The creation itself also will be set free” (in addition to the sons of God). Unbelievers will remain in bondage to sin for all eternity.
V22 - “the whole creation groans and suffers”.
V23 - “we also ourselves ... groan” – the sons/children of God; distinguished from “the whole creation groans” (v22)
Thus, we can rule out that “the creation” here, does not refer to human beings nor angels (good or bad).
Conclusion –
In v19-22, “the creation” is referring to both the animate and inanimate subjects of the first five days of God’s creative work as described in Gen. 1:1-25.
Also, note that “the creation” is personified in this verse (and v22). Other examples of the personification of God’s creation – Psalm 96:12; Ps. 98:4-8; Isa. 55:12; Jer. 12:4; Joel 1:10-20; Lk. 19:40.
“waits eagerly” - From the Greek word apekdechomai – to expect fully; wait expectantly.
The verb for "eagerly waits" (apekdechomai) is used seven times in the New Testament, each time to refer to Christ's return (Rom. 8:19, 23, 25; 1 Cor. 1:7; Gal. 5:5; Phil. 3:20; Heb. 9:28).
“for the revealing of the sons of God.” -
“revealing” - From the Greek word apokalypsis – disclosure; appearing, coming, lighten, manifestation, revelation. Strong’s Dictionary
“the sons of God.” – those who have received Christ by faith, i.e., Christians.
Paul is no doubt talking about the return of Jesus along with all his saints. (1 Thes. 3:13)
V20-21 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, But because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God.
For – a term of explanation.
“the creation” – see notes on the previous verse.
“was subjected to futility,” –
“subjected” – from the Greek word hypotasso – primarily a military term literally meaning, “to rank under”; to obey or be under obedience; submit to;
“to futility,” – from the Greek word mataiotes – vanity; empty; frustration; hopelessly confused; purposeless; meaningless; aimless; worthless; depravity; perverse; frailty. Used in Eph. 4:17; 2 Pet. 3:18.
“willingly,” – from the Greek word hekon - voluntarily; of one’s free will; desire; purpose.
From the Institute of Creation Research -
Gen. 3:19 “dust thou art.” The Curse thus applies to man and woman, to the animals and to the physical elements, God’s whole creation. It is so universal as to have been discovered and recognized empirically as a general scientific law, the law of increasing entropy (“in-turning”). This famous Second Law of Thermodynamics is sometimes also called the law of morpholysis (“loosing of structure”). It expresses the universal tendency for systems to decay and become disordered, for energy to be converted into forms unavailable for further work, for information to become confused, for the new to become worn, for the young to become old, for the living to die, even for whole species to become extinct. One of the most amazing anomalies of human thought is that the concept of evolution, which has never been observed in action scientifically and is exactly the opposite of the universally proved scientific principle of increasing entropy. This theory is nevertheless believed to be the most fundamental principle of nature by almost the entire intellectual establishment! https://www.icr.org/books/defenders/97
Also, consider Genetic entropy – The Silent Killer from Creation.com.
“but” – a term of contrast.
“because of Him who subjected it,” –
“because” – a term of explanation.
“Him” – our creator – the God of the Bible.
“who subjected it,” – God, the one who commands his creation.
“in hope 21 that the creation itself” –
“hope” - from the Greek word elpsis - confident expectation. This is not the hope of doubt.
“the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption” –
“corruption” – from the Greek word phthora – ruin, destroy, perish. Strong’s Dictionary
- signifies "a bringing or being brought into an inferior or worse condition, a destruction or corruption." Vine's Expository Dictionary
What is the hope? That the creation which has been subjected to depravity and gradual degradation, will be restored as God originally intended and therefore, be free from bondage to corruption.
“into the freedom of the glory of the children of God.” -
All of creation will share in the glorious liberty that will belong to the children of God. As Paul said in v15, we no longer have a spirit of slavery/fear, but a spirit of sonship! Amen.
V22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now.
“For” - a term of explanation.
“we know” - from the Greek word oida – properly see, to know, be aware, be sure, understand. Strong’s Dictionary
“that the whole creation” – See notes on v19 for the meaning of the “creation”.
“groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now” – again, Paul personifies the creation. As we have been discussing, no part of God’s creation will escape the suffering brought about by man’s sin.
“groans” - from the Greek word systenazō – to moan jointly; experience in a common calamity; groan together. Strong's Dictionary
“suffers the pains” - from the Greek word synodino - to have (parturition) pangs in company (concert, simultaneously) with; travail in pain together. Strong's Dictionary
“together” – all parts of God’s vast creation groan and suffer in concert. No part of it is unaffected.
“childbirth” – interestingly, as part of the curse of sin, God said he would greatly multiply your (Eve and all women thereafter) pain in childbirth. The pain and agony of childbirth is used metaphorically many times throughout scripture, e.g., Jer. 6:24; Jer. 13:21; Hos. 13:13; Mic. 4:9-10.
“until now” – This suffering will be with us until a time designated by God.
V23 And not only this, But also we ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.
“and not only this” –
“this” – “creation groans” (v22)
“but” – a term of contrast.
“also we ourselves,” – all those who have received Christ by faith, i.e., Christians.
“having the first fruits of the Spirit,” –
“first fruits” – part of the Old Covenant of Law, which required Israel to offer the first part of their harvest to the priest as an acknowledgment that all agriculture (plants and animals) belonged to God; and to give thanks to God for his provision (Exodus 23:19; Lev. 23:10; Deut. 26:1-10; Prov. 3:9-10). The first fruits offering found its fulfillment in Jesus. “(1 Cor. 15:20)
“the Spirit,” – refers to the Holy Spirit being the first fruit of our salvation with a promise of more to come (not more of the Holy Spirit, but more of the blessing of God’s salvation). (Eph. 1:13-14; 2 Cor. 1:22, 5:5) In this verse, it specifically refers to the redemption of our physical body.
“even we ourselves groan within ourselves,” – the children of God also groan along with all of God’s creation. (v22)
“waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons,” –
“waiting eagerly” – is used seven times in the New Testament and always refers to the return of Christ. See notes on v19.
for our – our is not in the original Greek text.
“adoption as sons,” – huiothesia (Gr); from huios, "a son", and thesis, "a placing", akin to tithēmi, "to place," signifies the place and condition of a son given to one to whom it does not naturally belong. The word is used by the Apostle Paul only. Vine's Expository Dictionary
See Additional Notes on v15 for more on “adoption as sons”.
“the redemption of our body.” –
“redemption” - to deliver by paying a price (a ransom); to buy; to set free, deliver, release. It can also mean - to be delivered out of and never returned.
“our body.” – our physical body.
V24 For in hope we have been saved, But hope that is seen is not hope; for who hopes for what he already sees?
“For” – a term of explanation.
“in hope we have been saved,” –
“hope” – confident expectation. This is not the hope of doubt.
See also v20.
Before we received Christ by faith, all we had was our feeble attempts to be “good enough” to get to heaven and avoid hell. That is a very good definition of no hope!
Just as the whole creation hopes to be set free from the bondage of corruption (v20), the children of God also hope to be set free from these earthly bodies where sin resides.
“saved” – salvation is spoken of in the scripture as past, present, and future. Here it is referring to a time in the past when we first received Christ.
“but” – a term of contrast.
“hope that is seen is not hope;” – hope is the confident expectation of what God has promised. Once the promise is fulfilled, the expectation changes to reality.
“for who hopes for what he already sees?” – Once we have it, hope is no longer needed.
V25 But if we hope for what we do not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it.
“But” – a term of contrast.
“perseverance” – enduring, patience, patient continuance (waiting). Strong’s Dictionary
“waits eagerly” - from the Greek word apekdechomai – to expect fully; wait expectantly.
The verb for "eagerly waits" (apekdechomai) is used seven times in the New Testament, each time to refer to Christ's return (Rom. 8:19, 23, 25;1 Cor. 1:7; Gal. 5:5; Phil. 3:20; Heb. 9:28).
V26 In the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; For we do not know how to pray as we should, But the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words;
“In the same way” – This phrase refers to the fact that the Holy Spirit helps sustain us through our suffering in the same way that our hope does.
“the Spirit also helps our weakness;” -
“the Spirit” – the Holy Spirit.
“helps” - From the Greek word synantilambanomai - signifies "to take hold with at the side for assistance" Vine's Expository Dictionary
- to take on all or part of a burden with another person. Ex. – Lk 10:40
“weakness;” - From the Greek word asthenes - feebleness (of body or mind); by implication malady; moral frailty - disease, infirmity, sickness, weakness. Strong's Dictionary.
Prayer can be described as coming to God the Father in complete dependence.
“for” – a term of explanation. The following phrase explains why the Holy Spirit intercedes for us.
“we do not know how to pray as we should,” –
“how” – or “what, who, which, why”.
In this verse, it more likely refers to “what” we pray than “how” we pray.
Vine also favors the what over the how of prayer in this passage writing that…
A more literal rendering would be, “what we are to pray according to our need we know not,” i.e., we do not know how to express ourselves so that our prayers shall correspond to the need. Not a mode of prayer is here especially in view, but the subjects. (Vine, W. Collected writings of W. E. Vine. Nashville: Thomas Nelson)
“the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words;” –
“intercedes” – From the Greek word enteuxis - primarily denotes "a lighting upon, meeting with" (akin to B); then, "a conversation;" hence, "a petition," a meaning frequent in the papyri; it is a technical term for approaching a king, and so for approaching God in "intercession;" it is rendered "prayer" in 1 Tim. 4:5; in the plural in 1 Tim. 2:1 (i.e., seeking the presence and hearing of God on behalf of others). Vine's Expository Dictionary
“for us” – Christians, i.e., those in Christ. Jesus also makes intercession for those in Christ. (v34)
“with groanings too deep for words;” –
“groanings” - From the Greek word stenagmos – a sigh.
Thus far in this chapter, Paul has told us that the creation groans (v21), we (Christians) groan (v23), and now, the Holy Spirit groans.
Concerning this phrase –
It is the Holy Spirit that groans, not man (thus, they are likely not audible to us).
These groanings are not words.
The communication is between the Holy Spirit and God on our behalf because of our weakness.
This phrase is not referring to speaking in tongues. Speaking in tongues is a spiritual gift that is NOT GIVEN TO ALL CHRISTIANS. The ministry of the Holy Spirit in this verse is for ALL CHRISTIANS in our time of weakness.
With all prayer and petition pray at all times in the Spirit, and with this in view, be on the alert with all perseverance and petition for all the saints, Ephesians 6:18
V27 and He who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because He intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.
It helps to understand that this verse is a continuation of the sentence that started in the previous verse.
“and He who searches the hearts” – It is our Heavenly Father who searches man’s heart. (1 Sam. 16:7; Pro. 21:2; Jer. 17:10; Acts 15:8)
“knows what the mind of the Spirit is,” – Our Heavenly Father also knows the mind of the Holy Spirit. Furthermore, the Holy Spirit also knows the thoughts of God. God the Father and the Holy Spirit are one; thus, no words are necessary for them to communicate with one another. (1 Cor. 2:10-13)
“because He intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.” -
The Holy Spirit prays for the saints according to God’s will. (v34)
V28 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose.
“we know” – This knowledge is not something we come to by our reason or logical conclusion. It is like “hope” mentioned in v24-25. It is something God causes us to know by his Spirit that lives in us.
Throughout his epistles, Paul frequently uses this and similar phrases to indicate truths that a Christian should know. He does so five times in Romans 6-7. (Rom. 6:3, 6, 9; Rom. 7:1, 14)
“that God causes all things to work together for good” -
Notice this verse does NOT say that God causes all things. It says he causes all things to work together for good. God does not cause sin or evil; however, he does permit these things*; and they certainly can and do affect our lives. And, if taken as an isolated event, these things can cause us to become bitter or withdrawn from Him. But that is when we need to exercise our faith. We must trust that ultimately, He is orchestrating our lives to conform us to the image of Christ! (Rom. 8:29) And remember, His ways and His thoughts are not the way we would act or think. They are so much higher than ours that we could never comprehend them unless He reveals them to us. (Isa. 55:8-9)
*Because God is sovereign, he can prevent anything from happening; thus, if he does not prevent, then he obviously permits. Again, not cause, but permit.
“work together” – From the Greek word synergeo – to work with or together. This word is in the present tense which indicates God is “continually working”.
“good” – benefit, good, well. Strong’s Dictionary
Often the problem is that from our limited perspective, we cannot determine what is good from what is not good. However, the next two verses help us understand the “good” to which God is referring –
1. To conform us to the image of Christ (v29).
2. To be glorified (v30).
So, don’t think of the “good” that God brings about as merely temporal pleasures and comforts. God’s plan is much bigger than that!
“to those who love God,” – those in Christ, i.e., the church. We love God because he first loved us. (1 John 4:19; Rom. 5:5)
This is not indicating a condition or requirement necessary to become a beneficiary of God’s “good”, but rather a description of those for whom God “works all things together for good”.
“to those who are called according to His purpose.” -
“called” – From the Greek word kletos – invited; appointed; effectual call. Unless God calls us to himself, we cannot come to him. (John 6:44, 65)
Other instances where God “calls” – Rom. 1:6; Rom. 8:30; Rom. 9:24; 1 Cor. 1:2,9,24; 2 Tim. 1:9; Heb. 3:1; 1 Pet. 2:9; Eph. 4;1; Gal. 1:6; 2 Thes. 2:14; Rev. 17:14
“His purpose” – God’s ultimate plan.
Consider Isa. 46:8-11; Rom. 9:11; Eph. 1:11, 3:11.
V29 For those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son, So that He would be the firstborn among many brethren;
“For” – a term of explanation.
“those whom” – the church
“He” - God
“foreknew,” – to know beforehand. God knows everything beforehand!
“He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son,” –
“predestined” – From the Greek word proorizo – to limit in advance, i.e. (figurative) predetermine - determine before, ordain, predestinate. Strong's Dictionary
- decide from the beginning or beforehand, predestine; set apart from the beginning or beforehand. Barclay Newman Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament
The following videos by Andrew Farley give a very good explanation of predestination -
Part 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxSeHTXr3dw
Part 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQoVWdo-UvU
“conformed” – From the Greek word symmorphoo - signifies "having the same form as another, conformed to;" Vine's Expository Dictionary
“to the image of His Son,” –
“image” – From the Greek word eikon - likeness; representation and manifestation.
“So that” – Term of purpose.
“He would be the firstborn among many brethren;” –
“He” – Jesus.
“firstborn among many brethren;” –
“firstborn” – From the Greek word prototokos – refers to the firstborn child.
Jesus was the firstborn from the dead, thus he conquered death so that he might have “many brethren”. Firstborn also refers to the highest position of honor. (Col. 1:18)
In a Jewish family, the firstborn male child had a privileged status. This term was often used figuratively to represent preeminence.
“many brethren” – refers to all those who receive Christ by faith. Referred to earlier in this chapter as “sons of God” (v14, v19) and “children of God” (v16, v21).
V30 and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified ; and these whom He justified, He also glorified.
“those” – refers to the body of Christ (the church).
The following videos by Andrew Farley give a very good explanation of predestination -
Part 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxSeHTXr3dw
Part 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQoVWdo-UvU
V31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us?
“What then shall we say” - Paul uses this phrase or a similar one throughout his letter to the church at Rome. (Rom. 3:5, 9; Rom. 4:1; Rom. 6:1, 15; Rom. 8:31; Rom. 9:14, 30; Rom. 11:7) Paul asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize his point.
Paul is asking, “What conclusion shall we draw then”.
This is the first of seven questions Paul presents from here to the end of this chapter.
“to these things?” – probably referring to the things he said in v28-30.
“If God is for us, who is against us?” –
“If” – signifies a fulfilled condition, rather than a possibility. “Since” would be more representative of what Paul is saying.
Paul continues to offer encouragement to the church in Rome (and to us today!). He reminds us that no plan of the enemy (Satan) will be successful against the church. We are predestined for glory! ((Rom. 5:2;1 Pet. 5:1) And what God started, he will complete.
V32 He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things?
“He” - God
“spare” - "to spare," i.e., "to forego" the infliction of that evil or retribution which was designed, Vine's Expository Dictionary
“own Son” – Jesus was delivered over for us all.
“but” – a term of contrast.
“delivered” - 1. properly, to give into the hands (of another). 2. to give over into (one’s) power or use. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon
- to surrender, i.e. yield up, intrust, transmit - betray, bring forth, cast, commit, deliver (up), give (over, up), hazard, put in prison, recommend. Strong's Dictionary
“for us all” – While Jesus gave his life on the cross for all mankind (John 1:29; John 2:2; John 4:14), so that all who would receive him by faith would be forgiven and given new life, “us all” here refers only to the church, i.e., Christians.
“with Him” – i.e., along with the gift of Christ, he will also “freely give...”
‘freely give” – From the Greek word charizomai, which is from the word charis, which is most often translated as grace. It means – to grant as a favor, i.e. gratuitously, in kindness, pardon or rescue - deliver, (frankly) forgive, (freely) give, grant. Strong's Dictionary
In each case, the favor of God is bestowed unconditionally.
Consider – Rom. 3:24; Rom. 5:15-17; Rom. 6:23; 1 Cor. 1:7; 1 Cor. 2:12; Eph. 2:8; Eph. 3:7.
“all things” – “all things” that work for good to fulfill God’s plan to conform us to the image of Christ. Do not think of material blessings here, although they may occur. God is more concerned with our spiritual growth than with our physical comfort.
V33 Who will bring a charge against God's elect? God is the one who justified ;
“bring a charge” – From the Greek word enkaleo - a legal term meaning to accuse; bring a charge; call into account. Indicates one who comes forward as an accuser in a court case.
“God’s elect” – From the Greek word eklektos – chosen; selected; picked out. Here it refers to those who have received Christ by faith.
V34 who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us.
“who is the one who condemns?” – literally – who is the one condemning? The answer to this question is the same for the question in v33 – Satan is the one who condemns.
“condemns” – From the Greek word katakrino – to give judgment against, pass sentence upon; implies the fact of a crime. Vines Dictionary
“Christ Jesus is He who died,” – the death of Jesus on the cross paid mankind’s sin debt once and for all, (Heb. 7:27; 1 Pet. 3:18) - “therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.” (v1)
“yes, rather” – literally, “but more”
“who was raised,” – Jesus was resurrected from the grave; thus, we are not only forgiven, but we now have his life! (John 11:25; Rom. 1:4;1 Pet. 1:3)
Paul mentioned twice in v11 that Jesus was raised from the dead.
“at the right hand of God” – refers to a position of honor, power, and authority. It specifically refers to the Messiah (Christ) who is given the power and authority to subdue His enemies. (Psa. 110:1) It would also indicate that the one in this position had ascended into heaven. And finally, the one at God’s right hand is of equal position, power, honor, and authority with God.
18 I pray that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened, so that you will know what is the hope of His calling, what are the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints, 19 and what is the surpassing greatness of His power toward us who believe. These are in accordance with the working of the strength of His might 20 which He brought about in Christ, when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly places, 21 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. 22 And He put all things in subjection under His feet, and gave Him as head over all things to the church, 23 which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. Ephesians 1:18-23
“who also intercedes for us.” –
“intercedes” – From the Greek word entynchano – confer with; to entreat (in favor or against) – deal with, make intercession. Strong’s Dictionary
This refers to bold praying; to standing before God on behalf of another person. Christ is our Intercessor, the One who stands between God and us on our behalf. Practical Word Studies in The New Testament
V35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?
Paul asks a question here and answers it in v38-39.
“separate” - to place room between, i.e. part; reflexive to go away - depart, put asunder, separate. Strong's Dictionary
“tribulation” - mental pressure (especially away from the truth); oppression, affliction, mental distress. (Mat. 13:21; John 16:33; Rom. 5:3-5; 2 Cor. 4:17; 1 Thes. 1:6, 3:3)
“distress” - dire calamity, extreme affliction, misfortune.
“persecution” - harassment from enemies with unjust punishment or penalties. (Mat. 13:21; Acts 8:1; 2 Cor. 12:10)
“famine” – hunger; a scarcity of food.
“nakedness” – lacking sufficient clothing; extreme poverty.
“peril” - danger, risk, hazard, jeopardy.
“sword” – metaphorically - violence or execution.
V36 Just as it is written, "FOR YOUR SAKE WE ARE BEING PUT TO DEATH ALL DAY LONG; WE WERE CONSIDERED AS SHEEP TO BE SLAUGHTERED."
“Just as it is written” – is an often-used phrase in the New Testament to refer back to the Old Testament writings.
V37 But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us.
“But” – a term of contrast.
“all these things” – all the things Paul has just mentioned in v35.
“overwhelmingly” – more than.
“conquer” – From the Greek word hypernikomen (present tense – refers to a continuous action) – to continuously be experiencing a decisive victory.
“through Him who loved us” – loved – past tense; refers to Christ’s demonstration of love for us by his death on a cross. (Rom. 5:8)
In Christ we are victorious. (1 Cor. 15:57; 2 Cor. 2:14)
V38-39 For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
“For” – A term of explanation. Paul explains why nothing can separate us from “the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus”.
“convinced” – From the Greek word peitho – to apply persuasion; to prevail upon or win over; to persuade, “bring about a change of mind by the influence of reason or moral considerations. Vine’s Dictionary
“death nor life” – Whether we are dead or alive – seems to refer to the physical state of our earthly body. For most, death is their greatest fear.
“angels nor principalities” – Refers to spiritual beings. Angels are those that are faithful to God (Gabriel, Michael, etc.). Principalities are those that rebelled against God (Satan, devils, demons). (Eph. 3:10, 6:12; Col. 1:6; Titus 3:1)
Note – The Greek word for principalities can also be translated as “rulers”.
“things present nor things to come” – Nothing in the present or nothing in our future.
“powers” – Here it likely refers to a spiritual being such as an angel or a demon.
“height nor depth” – Likely refers to the vastness of all of God’s creation.
“any other created thing” – This phrase refers to all things God has created. Perhaps Paul included this statement in case he forgot something in his previous lists (v35, v38, v39).
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